The Act of February 21, 1857, mandated that a smaller
diameter cent composed of copper-nickel be coined. The
Large Cent, a
staple in United States coinage since since 1793, had become too costly to
mint.
The first small cent was the Flying Eagle Cent, which was
actually minted in 1856. The 1856 cent is technically described as a pattern
coin, since the law establishing the new small cent was enacted in 1857. It is
estimated that 1000 of the 1856 Flying Eagle cent pattern coins were minted.
US Coin
Values Advisor has completed
Coin Value Tables™ for the Flying Eagle Cent,
reporting price trends over a long period of time for individual coins of this
series.
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Flying Eagle Cent
Specifications |
Diameter: |
Weight: |
Minted: |
Composition: |
Designer |
Edge: |
19.0 mm |
4.67 g |
1856-1858 |
.120
Ni .880
Cu |
James B. Longacre |
Plain |
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Coin Photos courtesy of
Ira & Larry Goldberg Coins & Collectibles, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA. |
On May
25, 1857, the
US Philadelphia Mint began exchanging old large
coppers and foreign silver for Flying Eagle cents. The program was a
magnificent success.
Legend has it that Peter the Eagle was the model for the bird on the coin.
Peter was a bald eagle who took up residence inside the original
Philadelphia mint building
around 200 years ago. Peter was mortally wounded when
he was caught in some machinery. Taxidermists preserved Peter, and today
he
is on display at the current Philadelphia Mint. In the
1880's, Mint researcher George G. Evans wrote this about Peter:
Near the exit
door of the Cabinet, in a large glass case, is a magnificent American eagle,
which is worthy of the visitor's attention. It is superbly mounted, with
grand breadth of wing and wondrous piercing eyes. The portrait of this "pet"
can be recognized on the reverse of the pattern silver dollars of 1836-1839
and on the obverse of the 1856 flying eagle cent.
Peter is the name which the
noble bird recognized. He was an inhabitant of the Mint for six years. He
would fly about the city, but no one interfered with the going or the
coming of the "Mint bird" and he never failed to return home from his daily
exercise before the tie for closing the building. In an evil hour he
unfortunately perched upon a large flywheel, and getting caught in the
machinery received a fatal injury to his wing, and this ended rather an
unusual career for an eagle..
Today, Peter has become a
mascot of sorts for the Mint, portrayed as a
cartoon narrator in educational outreach programs geared for young people.
It seems as long as there is the US Mint, Peter's memory will be preserved.
The Flying Eagle Cent was minted only through 1858. Insufficient metal
flow into a few design element recesses (e.g. the eagle's head) while
striking led Mint officials to abandon the coin. By the time this decision was made, more than 42
million Flying Eagle Cents had entered the channels of American commerce. The following year, 1859, saw the first of 50 years
of production for the
Indian Head cent.
All Flying Eagle
Cents are
handsome additions to any collection, but the 1856 really is the only key date
for the series. Many fakes of this rarity exist. A good way to
avoid getting hurt is to only purchase an 1856 Flying Eagle Cent that is
certified by PCGS, NGC, ANACS, or IGC.
Most eBay coin auctions involving the 1856
Flying Eagle Cent are for self-described replicas of the famous coin.
Primarily, these are curiosities and have no numismatic value to speak of.
Once in a while, the real deal will make an appearance. The left
hand side of the "Sales Box" is value trend data over a very long period of
time for an 1856 Flying Eagle cent in Good-4 condition. The percent annual
increase is computed for comparative purposes. The coin pictured
for sale in the right hand side is not necessarily a G-4 example of the 1856
Flying Eagle cent.
Peter the Mint Eagle waits in the wings beside U.S. Mint Director Henrietta Holsman
Fore at the rollout ceremony for the California state quarter in 2005.