During the late 1960’s, Congress began debating the coining
of silver dollars once again, largely at the request of Las Vegas casino moguls
wanting real coins to replace their own dollar-sized tokens.
In March
1969, just as
the dollar idea began building momentum, World War II hero and former
president Dwight D. Eisenhower passed away. That summer, the
Apollo 11 lunar landing was one of the most widely viewed events in history.
In
October 1969, a bill was introduced to honor Eisenhower and the Apollo 11
mission with a circulating dollar coin.
The bill did not finally become law until December 31, 1970. In the meantime, anticipating the
eventual passage of the bill, Mint Director Mary Brooks instructed Chief
Engraver Frank Gasparro to get busy preparing models for the Eisenhower Dollar coin. Gasparro portrayed a left-facing profile of “Ike” on the obverse. The reverse
depicts an American eagle carrying an olive branch symbolic of peace, landing on
the moon. The Earth is visible through the depths of space. Reportedly, earlier
versions of Gasparro’s eagle were rejected by the State Department, over concern
the bird’s expression might be looked upon by other nations as too militant.
|
 |
 |
|
Eisenhower
Dollar Specifications |
Diameter: |
Weight: |
Minted: |
Composition: |
Designer |
Edge: |
38.1 mm |
24.59 g |
1971-1974 |
.200 Cu .800
Ag
.790 Cu .210 Ag (core) |
Frank Gasparro |
Reeded |
38.1 mm |
22.68 g |
1971-1974 |
.750 Cu .250
Ni
1.000 Cu (core) |
Frank Gasparro |
Reeded |
38.1 mm |
22.68 g |
1977-1978 |
.750 Cu .250
Ni
1.000 Cu (core) |
Frank Gasparro |
Reeded |
|
Coin Photos courtesy of
Ira & Larry Goldberg Coins & Collectibles, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA. |
The first Eisenhower Dollar coins were struck in 1971. Ike dollars bound for general
circulation were composed of the same copper-nickel
clad alloy used in dimes and
quarters. Special Eisenhower Silver Dollar coins containing 40% silver were also produced and sold for a premium
in both Proof and Uncirculated. These were the only “Ikes” minted in San Francisco. The slang for
the Proof version was “Brown Box Ike” because of the packaging color.
The Uncirculated version was called the “Blue Box Ike”. Beginning in
1973, the
San Francisco Mint also coined a proof edition of the clad
alloy for inclusion in the regular proof set.
It didn’t take long to realize the American public was not interested in
making the Eisenhower Dollar coin relevant to everyday life. The big, heavy coin
did not circulate well, seldom seen in retail transactions. At
first, the casinos were pleased to have the Ike dollars, but they too
soon were disappointed. Gamblers frequently stuck a few in their pocket to take
home rather than the slot machines, thinking of them as rare novelties because
they were hardly seen elsewhere. Eisenhower Dollar production was sharply
curtailed in 1973.
The United States staged a grand celebration in the
mid-1970’s to celebrate the Bicentennial of the Declaration of Independence. The
Treasury Department sponsored an open
competition to select commemorative designs for the reverses of the
quarter, half dollar, and dollar. More than 1000 entries were received. The winning entry for the reverse of the
Eisenhower Dollar coin was submitted by Dennis R. Williams, who linked America’s
humble beginnings with modern day space travel by placing the Liberty Bell over the moon.
|
 |
 |
|
Eisenhower
Bicentennial
Dollar Specifications |
Diameter: |
Weight: |
Minted: |
Composition: |
Designer |
Edge: |
38.1 mm |
24.59 g |
1975-1976 |
.200 Cu .800
Ag
.790 Cu .210 Ag (core) |
Frank Gasparro |
Reeded |
38.1 mm |
22.68 g |
1975-1976 |
.750 Cu .250
Ni
1.000 Cu (core) |
Frank Gasparro |
Reeded |
|
Coin Photos courtesy of
Ira & Larry Goldberg Coins & Collectibles, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA. |
All
Ikes made in 1975 and 1976 carry the dual date 1776-1976, in observance of the
Bicentennial celebration. Thus, there are no dollars dated 1975.
Dollars struck in 1975 can easily be distinguished from those produced in 1976,
despite the fact they both bear the identical dual date. Numismatists therefore
classify 1776-1976 dollars as Type I and Type II. The Type I dollars (seen above) have the
design in low relief and bold, flat lettering on the reverse.
Type II
has a sharp design and the lettering is thinner and more
contoured. Taking into account the two design types, the metallic diversity, and
mint marks, there are eight different varieties alone of the 1776-1976 dollars
to collect.
The regular design returned in 1977, but it didn't last much
longer. In 1978, the last of the Eisenhower Dollars were minted. The coin never
did catch on, and was considered a failure by many at the time of its
retirement. However, for those wanting to see a winning dollar coin, another
contestant was about the enter the arena: the Susan B. Anthony Dollar.
Federal officials were so certain the “Susie B’s" would win over the hearts and
minds of the American consumer.
An analysis of Eisenhower Dollar value
trends reveals there are no key dates in the series.
This is not to say there aren't any rarities, because Ikes for certain dates in
very high Uncirculated grades are really tough to come by, and bring prices that
just keep getting higher over time. Apparently, extremely small numbers of
regular business strikes survived in top condition. The dates are:
If you make an uninformed decision and purchase
an Eisenhower Dollar coin that is overgraded, you'll be sorely disappointed when
you go to sell. It won't bring near the money you thought it would.
Buyers of Eisenhower Dollars with an eye toward reselling at a much higher
price should concentrate on the list above, making sure the Ikes they're
considering have earned their high grades from PCGS, NGC, ICG, or ANACS, or
are being sold by a dealer
of high reputation.
The Bicentennial of the United States was a
major cultural event. Official Bicentennial events began on April 18,
1975. President Gerald Ford came to Boston to light a third lantern at the
historic Old North Church, symbolizing America's third century. The
next day was the 200th anniversary of the beginning of the Revolutionary
War. A wave of patriotism and nostalgia swept the nation throughout
the Bicentennial era. The US Mint issued special quarters, half
dollars and Eisenhower Dollars, dated "1776-1976." The celebration on
July 4, 1976 was immense. Festivities included elaborate fireworks
displays in the skies above major American cities and the ringing of bells.
The ceremony in Washington, D.C. was presided over by President Ford and
televised nationally. The nation's official Bicentennial Logo, shown above,
was a familiar sight to all Americans throughout the mid-1970s.